🐍 Python

1

Variables & assignment

Names bound to objects. Python uses dynamic typing — a name can point to an int, then later to a string.

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2

Built-in types

int, float, str, bool, list, tuple, dict, set, None — the nine workhorses.

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3

Loops — for, while, comprehensions

Iterate over any iterable. List comprehensions are the Pythonic way to build lists.

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4

Functions, *args, **kwargs

Reusable blocks. *args collects positional args into a tuple; **kwargs collects keyword args into a dict.

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5

Classes & __init__

Blueprints for objects. __init__ runs when an instance is created; self is the instance.

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6

Decorators

A function that wraps another function. @router.get('/x') is a decorator that registers the function as a route handler.

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7

async / await

Coroutines that yield control to the event loop. FastAPI route handlers are async so they don't block other requests.

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8

Exceptions & try/except

Errors are raised, caught, and handled. Don't swallow exceptions silently.

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9

Context managers (with)

with x as y: guarantees cleanup (closing files, releasing locks) even if an exception is raised.

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10

Modules & imports

Each .py file is a module. from app.routes import notebook pulls in that module's names.

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11

Generators (yield)

Functions that produce a stream of values lazily. Memory-efficient for big data.

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